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Research Study Repository
A comprehensive collection of academic research on generative AI in preK12 education organized into three categories:
Research that describes how generative AI is being used in classrooms, schools, or districts or how products are designed and built.
Three Pathways Of Student-AI Interaction: Constraint-First Design For Higher-Order Thinking
Fatima T. Zahra. (09/2026). arXiv.
Fairness Theatre: Evaluating Post-Hoc Fairness Interventions In Vendor-Controlled Early Warning Systems
Kelly McConvey, Angelina Zhai, Rebecca Li, Shion Guha. (09/2026). arXiv.
Making The Invisible Visible: A Framework For Reflective AI Use In Software Engineering Education
Ali Shakiba, Thomas Chaffey. (09/2026). arXiv.
Beyond Simple Input-Output Assessment Tasks: Leveraging Automated Programming Assessment For Non-Trivial Courses
Artur Jordao. (09/2026). arXiv.
"We'Ll Fix It Later": Education, AI, And The Deferral Of Privacy In EdTech
Meghna Manoj Nair, Rachel Greenstadt. (09/2026). arXiv.
Artificial Intelligence Driven Physics Assignments Using Context Prompts
Miguel Rodriguez, Peter Wulff. (09/2026). arXiv.
Descriptive – Implementation and Use Descriptive – Product Development
Studies that test how well something works including but not limited to randomly dividing people into groups and comparing the results.
The Effects Of Course-Integrated AI Tutoring On Student Performance And Engagement: A Randomized University Trial
Jing Liu, Tracy Sweet, Marty Haoyuan Chen, Jonathan Engelberg, Megan C. Masters, Martyn Clark, Axel Persaud, Alia Lancaster, Jeffrey K. Hollingsworth, Jennifer King Rice. (10/2026). EdWorking Papers.
Who Benefits from LLM-Generated Learning Support Messages? Causal Evidence on Treatment Effect Heterogeneity
Aylin Ozturk, Gati Aher, Tom Mitchell, Mustafa Kemal Birgin, Huseyin Kayhan. (06/2026). Artificial Intelligence in Education.
Teaching with Gemini: Measuring the impact of Guided Learning on student mathematics progress in Sierra Leone
LearnLM Team, Google & Fab AI. (05/2026). Google.
Maic-Ui: Making Interactive Courseware With Generative Ui
Shangqing Tu, Yanjia Li, Keyu Chen, Sichen Zhang, Jifan Yu, Daniel Zhang-Li, Lei Hou, Juanzi Li, Yu Zhang, Huiqin Liu. (04/2026). arXiv.
The Economics Of Algorithmic Personalization: Evidence From An Educational Technology Platform
Keshav Agrawal, Susan Athey, Ayush Kanodia, Shanjukta Nath, Emil Palikot. (03/2026). NBER.
Report From Workshop On Dialogue Alongside Artificial Intelligence
Thomas J McKenna, Ingvill Rasmussen, Sten Ludvigsen, Avivit Arvatz, Christa Asterhan, Gaowei Chen, Julie Cohen, Michele Flammia, Dongkeun Han, Emma Hayward, Heather Hill, Yifat Kolikant, Helen Lehndorf, Kexin Li, Lindsay Clare Matsumura, Henrik Tj‚àö‚àènn, Pengjin Wang, Rupert Wegerif. (11/2025). arXiv.
Impact – Randomized Controlled Trial Impact – Quasi-experimental
Studies that combine and summarize all the research on a specific genAI topic to find patterns and answers.
Psychological Factors Influencing University Students' Trust In AI-Based Learning Assistants
Ezgi Dagtekin, Ercan Erkalkan. (09/2026). arXiv.
Judgment-Centred Software Engineering Education: A Post-Hype Review And Framework For AI-Augmented Learning
Qusay H. Mahmoud. (09/2026). arXiv.
Characterizing LLM-Based Family Education Through The Lens Of Activity Theory: A Scoping Review Of The Hci Literature
Lan Luo, Yuqi Liang, Jie Cai, Anqi Wang, Dongyijie Primo Pan, Muzhi Zhou, Chun Yu, Pan Hui. (09/2026). arXiv.
Towards Synergistic Teacher-AI Interactions With Generative Artificial Intelligence
Mutlu Cukurova, Wannapon Suraworachet, Qi Zhou, Sahan Bulathwela. (09/2026). arXiv.
Instructional Objectives Completed And Skill-Specific Early Reading Growth In A Digital Reading Tutor
Nicholas A. Gage. (09/2026). EdArXiv.
We aim to include all research in the above categories on generative AI in preK12 education in the US. As research diverges from genAI for preK12 in the US - such as machine learning, education systems beyond preK12, or studies conducted outside the US - inclusion in the repository is based on relevance to our target audiences:
All students and learners that engage directly with genAI technology.
Calibrating LLM Tutor Initiation to Learner Expertise: Proactive and Reactive Support for Computational Thinking
Arun Rai, Liwei Chen, Balasubramaniam Ramesh, Cynthia Breazeal, Yuan Long, Benjamin M. Ampel, Andrea Aria. (11/2026). SSRN.
Prompt-Based Emotional Scaffolding In Generative AI: Effects On Self-Regulated Learning And Socio-Emotional Outcomes
Elena-Alexandra Diordiev, Valdemar Aksel Stenberdt, Guido Makransky. (10/2026). British Journal of Educational Technology.
Supporting Perspective Acquisition And Opinion Formation On Societal Issues Through AI-Generated Japanese Rap Battle Debates
Ryota Mibayashi, Toru Urakawa, Dai Takanashi, Tomoya Morohoshi, Kanata Yamagishi, Ryuho Sekikawa, Yasuhiko Nishimura, Yuta Takeuchi, Hideaki Tamori, Takehiro Yamamoto, Hidenari Kiyomitsu, Hiroaki Ohshima. (10/2026). arXiv.
The Effects Of Course-Integrated AI Tutoring On Student Performance And Engagement: A Randomized University Trial
Jing Liu, Tracy Sweet, Marty Haoyuan Chen, Jonathan Engelberg, Megan C. Masters, Martyn Clark, Axel Persaud, Alia Lancaster, Jeffrey K. Hollingsworth, Jennifer King Rice. (10/2026). EdWorking Papers.
Teacher-Mediated Multimodal Platform And Math Achievement: Evidence From Goblins' Yearlong District Implementation
Anika Alam, Nicolas Dominguez-Mel, Jing Liu. (10/2026). EdWorking Papers.
Experimental Evidence on the Learning Impact of Generative AI
Zara Contractor, German Reyes. (10/2026). arXiv.
Education support organizations (unions, parent groups, etc.).
Characterizing LLM-Based Family Education Through The Lens Of Activity Theory: A Scoping Review Of The Hci Literature
Lan Luo, Yuqi Liang, Jie Cai, Anqi Wang, Dongyijie Primo Pan, Muzhi Zhou, Chun Yu, Pan Hui. (09/2026). arXiv.
Tinker Tales: A Tangible Dialogue System For Child-AI Co-Creative Storytelling
Nayoung Choi, Jiseung Hong, Peace Cyebukayire, Ikseon Choi, Jinho D. Choi. (09/2026). arXiv.
Virtual Tutoring with Computer-Assisted Learning: An Experiment in Take-Up and Learning
Philip Oreopoulos, Ruochong Dong, Nina Low. (08/2026). NBER.
Generative AI And Agency In Education: A Critical Scoping Review And Thematic Analysis
Jasper Roe, Mike Perkins. (07/2026). arXiv.
How Annotation Trains Annotators: Competence Development In Social Influence Recognition
Maciej Markiewicz, Beata Bajcar, Wiktoria Mieleszczenko-Kowszewicz, Aleksander Szczƒôsny, Tomasz Adamczyk, Grzegorz Chodak, Karolina Ostrowska, Aleksandra Sawczuk, Jolanta Babiak, Jagoda Szklarczyk, Przemyslaw Kazienko. (07/2026). arXiv.
Design Principles And Observable Indicators For AI-Enabled Pedagogical Accompaniment: Evidence From The Amico Dual-Mode Prototype In Italy And China
Pier Paolo Benedetti. (05/2026). arXiv.
Academic researchers and Global education leaders.
Teacher-Mediated Multimodal Platform And Math Achievement: Evidence From Goblins' Yearlong District Implementation
Anika Alam, Nicolas Dominguez-Mel, Jing Liu. (10/2026). EdWorking Papers.
The Effects Of Course-Integrated AI Tutoring On Student Performance And Engagement: A Randomized University Trial
Jing Liu, Tracy Sweet, Marty Haoyuan Chen, Jonathan Engelberg, Megan C. Masters, Martyn Clark, Axel Persaud, Alia Lancaster, Jeffrey K. Hollingsworth, Jennifer King Rice. (10/2026). EdWorking Papers.
Not Faster, But Better: Generative AI And Teacher Skill In Peru
Carla Z. Glave, Carolina Lopez, Ezequiel Molina, Roman Andres Zarate. (10/2026). World Bank.
When Evaluators Cry Wolf: Lessons From Production LLM-As-Judge Evaluation In Educational AI
Chris Rohlfs, Rodrigo Vergara Bosse, Priscilla Rain Hopper, Keanon O'Keefe, Patrick Russell. (09/2026). arXiv.
Three Pathways Of Student-AI Interaction: Constraint-First Design For Higher-Order Thinking
Fatima T. Zahra. (09/2026). arXiv.
Fairness Theatre: Evaluating Post-Hoc Fairness Interventions In Vendor-Controlled Early Warning Systems
Kelly McConvey, Angelina Zhai, Rebecca Li, Shion Guha. (09/2026). arXiv.
Superintendents, state, and federal K12 leaders; Leadership and product teams at technology companies.
"We'Ll Fix It Later": Education, AI, And The Deferral Of Privacy In EdTech
Meghna Manoj Nair, Rachel Greenstadt. (09/2026). arXiv.
Human-LLM Collaborative Inductive Coding For Conceptualizing K-12 Educator AI Use
Alex Liu, Min Sun, Lief Esbenshade, Michael Xiao, Victor Tian, Zachary Zhang, Kevin He. (07/2026). arXiv.
From Chaos To Clarity: A Framework For Program-Level AI Learning Outcomes
Grace Barkhuff, Ian Pruitt, William Gregory Johnson, Rodrigo Borela, Ben Rydal Shapiro, Anu G. Bourgeois. (07/2026). arXiv.
AI Diffusion Gaps: Unequal Integration of AI Across K-12 School
Christopher Campos, John D. Singleton. (06/2026). NBER.
Validating AI-Generated Classroom Observations: Reliability, Accuracy, And Limits Of LLM-Based Pedagogical Judgment
Carolina Melo, Javiera de la Maza, Matías Recabarren. (06/2026). Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence.
