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Research Study Repository
A comprehensive collection of academic research on generative AI in preK12 education organized into three categories:
Research that describes how generative AI is being used in classrooms, schools, or districts or how products are designed and built.
AI-Integrated Scientific Inquiry: A Practice-Centered Vision For Science Education
Arne Bewersdorff, Matias Rojas, Xiaoming Zhai. (07/2026). arXiv.
A Tool-Invariant Framework For Teaching And Assessing Computational Methods In The Age Of Agentic AI
Larry Engelhardt. (07/2026). arXiv.
How Well Does AI-Generated Feedback Work? Intrinsic And Extrinsic Evaluation Across More Than 20,000 Efl Essay Drafts
Steven Coyne, Diana Galvan-Sosa, Ryan Spring, Machi Shimmei, Michael Zock, Keisuke Sakaguchi, Kentaro Inui. (07/2026). arXiv.
Generative AI In Higher Education Laboratory Learning: A Qualitative Case Study Of Epistemic Scaffolding And Assessment Boundaries
Matteo Tuveri, Alessandro Riggio. (07/2026). arXiv.
Evidence-Decision-Feedback: Theory-Driven Adaptive Scaffolding For LLM Agents
Clayton Cohn, Siyuan Guo, Surya Rayala, Hanchen David Wang, Naveeduddin Mohammed, Umesh Timalsina, Shruti Jain, Angela Eeds, Menton Deweese, Pamela J. Osborn Popp, Rebekah Stanton, Shakeera Walker, Meiyi Ma, Gautam Biswas. (07/2026). arXiv.
Flowcode: An AI-Powered Programming Environment For Scaffolding Iteration In Creative Computing Education
Tiffany Tseng, Liliana Hanem Seoror, Jeevika Adda, Meitalia Factor, Rona Darabi, Kiley R Matschke, Tiffany Fu, Annie Lin, Alekhya Maram, Arya Sinha. (07/2026). arXiv.
Descriptive – Implementation and Use Descriptive – Product Development
Studies that test how well something works including but not limited to randomly dividing people into groups and comparing the results.
Teaching with Gemini: Measuring the impact of Guided Learning on student mathematics progress in Sierra Leone
LearnLM Team, Google & Fab AI. (05/2026). Google.
Maic-Ui: Making Interactive Courseware With Generative Ui
Shangqing Tu, Yanjia Li, Keyu Chen, Sichen Zhang, Jifan Yu, Daniel Zhang-Li, Lei Hou, Juanzi Li, Yu Zhang, Huiqin Liu. (04/2026). arXiv.
The Economics Of Algorithmic Personalization: Evidence From An Educational Technology Platform
Keshav Agrawal, Susan Athey, Ayush Kanodia, Shanjukta Nath, Emil Palikot. (03/2026). NBER.
Report From Workshop On Dialogue Alongside Artificial Intelligence
Thomas J McKenna, Ingvill Rasmussen, Sten Ludvigsen, Avivit Arvatz, Christa Asterhan, Gaowei Chen, Julie Cohen, Michele Flammia, Dongkeun Han, Emma Hayward, Heather Hill, Yifat Kolikant, Helen Lehndorf, Kexin Li, Lindsay Clare Matsumura, Henrik Tj‚àö‚àènn, Pengjin Wang, Rupert Wegerif. (11/2025). arXiv.
A Meta-Analysis Of LLM Effects On Students Across Qualification, Socialization, And Subjectification
Jiayu Huang, Ruoxin Ritter Wang, Jen-Hao Liu, Boming Xia, Yue Huang, Ruoxi Sun, Jason (Minhui) Xue, Jinan Zou. (09/2025). arXiv.
From Chalkboards to Chatbots: Evaluating the Impact of Generative AI on Learning Outcomes in Nigeria
Mart’n De Simone, Federico Tiberti, Maria Barron Rodriguez, Federico Manolio, Wuraola Mosuro, Eliot Jolomi Dikoru. (05/2025). arXiv.
Impact – Randomized Controlled Trial Impact – Quasi-experimental
Studies that combine and summarize all the research on a specific genAI topic to find patterns and answers.
Llama Lima: A Living Meta-Analysis On The Effects Of Generative AI On Learning Mathematics
Anselm Strohmaier, Samira Bodefeld, Frank Reinhold. (07/2026). arXiv.
Generative AI And Agency In Education: A Critical Scoping Review And Thematic Analysis
Jasper Roe, Mike Perkins. (07/2026). arXiv.
Co-Designing Digital Humans For Online Learning: A Framework For Human-AI Pedagogical Integration
Xiaokang Leil, Ching Christie Pang, Yuyang Jiang, Xin Tong, and Pan Hui. (07/2026). arXiv.
The Creative Link Between Words and Ideas is Weakening in the AI Era
Kibum Moon, Kostadin Kushlev, Andrew Bank, Benjamin Lira, Indre Viskontas, James C. Kaufman, Dan R. Johnson, Angela L. Duckworth, Adam E. Green. (06/2026). PsyArXIV.
Using AI In Engineering Education: A Balancing Act, Driven By Clear Purpose
Olya Kudina. (06/2026). arXiv.
Large-Scale Semantic Mapping Of Learner Agency And Autonomy Reveals What Measurement And Generative AI Research Overlook
Fei Qin, Xiaobo Liu, Yaowen Zhang, Xuming Li, Fei Wang, Mutlu Cukurova, Jingjing Chen, Yu Zhang. (06/2026). arXiv.
We aim to include all research in the above categories on generative AI in preK12 education in the US. As research diverges from genAI for preK12 in the US - such as machine learning, education systems beyond preK12, or studies conducted outside the US - inclusion in the repository is based on relevance to our target audiences:
All students and learners that engage directly with genAI technology.
One Click Away: AI Tutoring with Khanmigo in a Two-Year School Experiment
Philip Oreopoulos, Nina Low. (08/2026). NBER.
Making AI Tutoring Productive: Evidence from a Mastery-Based Math Practice Experiment
Philip Oreopoulos, Michael Liut, Alp Sungu, Nina Low. (08/2026). NBER.
Virtual Tutoring with Computer-Assisted Learning: An Experiment in Take-Up and Learning
Philip Oreopoulos, Ruochong Dong, Nina Low. (08/2026). NBER.
Reflection-Satisfaction Tradeoff: Investigating Impact Of Reflection On Student Engagement With AI-Generated Programming Hints
Heeryung Choia, Tung Phungb, Mengyan Wu, Adish Singlab, Christopher Brooksa. (08/2026). arXiv.
The Theoretical Foundation Of Socratic Tests: Dynamic, Multimodal, Conversational Examinations
Ilya Mikhelson. (07/2026). arXiv.
Students' Epistemological Beliefs And Their Chatbot Preferences In AI-Mediated Physics Learning
Amogh Sirnoorkar, Omkar Mamidpalliwar. (07/2026). arXiv.
Education support organizations (unions, parent groups, etc.).
Virtual Tutoring with Computer-Assisted Learning: An Experiment in Take-Up and Learning
Philip Oreopoulos, Ruochong Dong, Nina Low. (08/2026). NBER.
Generative AI And Agency In Education: A Critical Scoping Review And Thematic Analysis
Jasper Roe, Mike Perkins. (07/2026). arXiv.
How Annotation Trains Annotators: Competence Development In Social Influence Recognition
Maciej Markiewicz, Beata Bajcar, Wiktoria Mieleszczenko-Kowszewicz, Aleksander Szczƒôsny, Tomasz Adamczyk, Grzegorz Chodak, Karolina Ostrowska, Aleksandra Sawczuk, Jolanta Babiak, Jagoda Szklarczyk, Przemyslaw Kazienko. (07/2026). arXiv.
Tinker Tales: A Tangible Dialogue System for Child-AI Co-Creative Storytelling
Nayoung Choi, Jiseung Hong, Peace Cyebukayire, Ikseon Choi and Jinho D. Choi. (06/2026). arXiv.
Design Principles And Observable Indicators For AI-Enabled Pedagogical Accompaniment: Evidence From The Amico Dual-Mode Prototype In Italy And China
Pier Paolo Benedetti. (05/2026). arXiv.
Adesua: Development And Feasibility Study Of An AI Whatsapp Bot For Science Learning In West Africa
George Boateng, Evans Atompoya, Philemon Badu, Samuel John, Samuel Ansah, Patrick Agyeman-Budu, and Victor Kumbol. (05/2026). arXiv.
Academic researchers and Global education leaders.
Can AI deliver appropriate support for diverse student profiles?: A large-scale evaluation
Sonsoles López-Pernas, Eduardo Oliveira, Kamila Misiejuk, Fitsum Gizachew Deriba, Rogers Kaliisa, Mohammed Saqr. (08/2026). Computers in Human Behavior: Artifical Humans.
One Click Away: AI Tutoring with Khanmigo in a Two-Year School Experiment
Philip Oreopoulos, Nina Low. (08/2026). NBER.
Virtual Tutoring with Computer-Assisted Learning: An Experiment in Take-Up and Learning
Philip Oreopoulos, Ruochong Dong, Nina Low. (08/2026). NBER.
The Theoretical Foundation Of Socratic Tests: Dynamic, Multimodal, Conversational Examinations
Ilya Mikhelson. (07/2026). arXiv.
Human-LLM Collaborative Inductive Coding For Conceptualizing K-12 Educator AI Use
Alex Liu, Min Sun, Lief Esbenshade, Michael Xiao, Victor Tian, Zachary Zhang, Kevin He. (07/2026). arXiv.
What Remains Human In Mathematics In The Age Of AI
Amir Moradifam. (07/2026). arXiv.
Superintendents, state, and federal K12 leaders; Leadership and product teams at technology companies.
Human-LLM Collaborative Inductive Coding For Conceptualizing K-12 Educator AI Use
Alex Liu, Min Sun, Lief Esbenshade, Michael Xiao, Victor Tian, Zachary Zhang, Kevin He. (07/2026). arXiv.
From Chaos To Clarity: A Framework For Program-Level AI Learning Outcomes
Grace Barkhuff, Ian Pruitt, William Gregory Johnson, Rodrigo Borela, Ben Rydal Shapiro, Anu G. Bourgeois. (07/2026). arXiv.
AI Diffusion Gaps: Unequal Integration of AI Across K-12 School
Christopher Campos, John D. Singleton. (06/2026). NBER.
Practitioner Beliefs And Behaviors In AI-Enhanced Education: Dot Framework Survey Evidence
David Gibson, M. Elizabeth Azukas, Gerald Knezek. (05/2026). arXiv.
Prediction Model Of Motivators And Demotivators Of Integrating Large Language Models In Software Engineering Education: An Empirical Study
Maryam Khan, Muhammad Azeem Akbar, Jussi Kasurinen, Estefanía Martín-Barroso. (05/2026). arXiv.
