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The Evidence Base on AI in K-12: A 2026 Review

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Ai-Exposed Jobs Deteriorated Before Chatgpt

Authors
M. R. Frank,
A. Javadian Sabet,
L. Simon,
S. H. Bana,
R. Yu
Date
Publisher
arXiv
Link
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2601.02554v1
Public debate links worsening job prospects for AI-exposed occupations to the release of ChatGPT in late 2022. Using monthly U.S. unemployment insurance records, we measure occupation- and location-specific unemployment risk and find that risk rose in AI-exposed occupations beginning in early 2022, months before ChatGPT. Analyzing millions of LinkedIn profiles, we show that graduate cohorts from 2021 onward entered AI-exposed jobs at lower rates than earlier cohorts, with gaps opening before late 2022. Finally, from millions of university syllabi, we find that graduates taking more AI-exposed curricula had higher first-job pay and shorter job searches after ChatGPT. Together, these results point to forces pre-dating generative AI and to the ongoing value of LLM-relevant education.
Who age?
Post-Secondary,
Adult
Why use AI?
Outcomes – Other Academic,
Outcomes – Durable Skills,
Reimagined Schooling
Study design
Quantitative – Others