A 2005 review of research on successful leadership development programs showed that they emphasize content built upon a set of leadership standards
related to:

• Learning and instruction,
• The development of quality teaching and professional learning,
• Organizational development,
• Analysis and use of data to inform school improvement,
• Change management, and
• Leadership skills.

This content is delivered through problem-based learning methods that connect theory to specific instructional efforts at schools. Principals work with a coach or another practitioner who can guide reflection and provide feedback. They participate in groups that create opportunities for teamwork in practice-oriented situations. And there is close collaboration between the program and one or more partner school districts.